TedTest

From the Ted Talk by Krishna Sudhir: What happens during a heart attack?

Unscramble the Blue Letters

appmtrlaxieoy 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and ccraavoilsuadr disease, which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes, is the world's leading killer. So what causes a herat atcatk? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. fttay detsoips, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated bolod to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques rupteurs or ckacrs, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely bkoelcd. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be twhron off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden dateh. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain cesaud by the oxygen-deprived heart mucsle. Patients desicbre it as crushing or vice-like. It can rdaiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people experience nausea or shortness of breath. Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, wanekess and tiredness may be the main signal. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with dbetiaes, which affects the nvrees that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most intrpoamt thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the ftsseat way to get to a hospital. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and neigryitlocrn, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting worse. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to msrauee the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to assses heart muscle dgamae. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cairadc siute where tests are done to locate the bgkleaocs. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure cellad an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or pmoleyr stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bsypas surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the bklogcae. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart fntuocin. Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors remmeoncd eincsxerig a few times a week, doing both aerobic atvicity and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from veetagbles, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and ecexrsie plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help mgnaae risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Open Cloze

_____________ 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and ______________ disease, which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes, is the world's leading killer. So what causes a _____ ______? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. _____ ________, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated _____ to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ________ or ______, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely _______. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be ______ off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden _____. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain ______ by the oxygen-deprived heart ______. Patients ________ it as crushing or vice-like. It can _______ to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people experience nausea or shortness of breath. Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, ________ and tiredness may be the main signal. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with ________, which affects the ______ that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most _________ thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the _______ way to get to a hospital. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and _____________, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting worse. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to _______ the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to ______ heart muscle ______. The patient is then taken to a high-tech _______ _____ where tests are done to locate the _________. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure ______ an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or _______ stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery ______ surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the ________. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart ________. Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors _________ __________ a few times a week, doing both aerobic ________ and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from __________, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and ________ plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help ______ risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Solution

nitroglycerin
polymer
assess
manage
attack
damage
vegetables
bypass
fastest
nerves
measure
activity
approximately
exercising
suite
describe
cracks
blood
thrown
deposits
blockage
cardiac
weakness
called
caused
exercise
ruptures
function
blockages
fatty
blocked
diabetes
recommend
important
death
muscle
heart
radiate
cardiovascular

Original Text

Approximately 7 million people around the world die from heart attacks every year, and cardiovascular disease, which causes heart attacks and other problems like strokes, is the world's leading killer. So what causes a heart attack? Like all muscles, the heart needs oxygen, and during a heart attack, it can't get enough. Fatty deposits, or plaques, develop on the walls of our coronary arteries. Those are the vessels that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. These plaques grow as we age, sometimes getting chunky, hardened, or enflamed. Eventually, the plaques can turn into blockages. If one of the plaques ruptures or cracks, a blood clot will form around it in minutes, and a partially closed artery can become completely blocked. Blood flow is cut off to the cardiac muscle and the oxygen-starved cells start to die within several minutes. This is a myocardial infarction, or heart attack. Things can rapidly deteriorate in the absence of treatment. The injured muscle may not be able to pump blood as well, and its rhythm might be thrown off. In the worst case scenario, a heart attack can cause sudden death. And how do you know that someone is having a heart attack? The most common symptom is chest pain caused by the oxygen-deprived heart muscle. Patients describe it as crushing or vice-like. It can radiate to the left arm, jaw, back, or abdomen. But it's not always as sudden and dramatic as it is in the movies. Some people experience nausea or shortness of breath. Symptoms may be less prominent in women and the elderly. For them, weakness and tiredness may be the main signal. And surprisingly, in many people, especially those with diabetes, which affects the nerves that carry pain, a heart attack may be silent. If you think that someone might be having a heart attack, the most important thing is to respond quickly. If you have access to emergency medical services, call them. They're the fastest way to get to a hospital. Taking aspirin, which thins the blood, and nitroglycerin, which opens up the artery, can help keep the heart attack from getting worse. In the emergency room, doctors can diagnose a heart attack. They commonly use an electrocardiogram to measure the heart's electrical activity and a blood test to assess heart muscle damage. The patient is then taken to a high-tech cardiac suite where tests are done to locate the blockages. Cardiologists can reopen the blocked artery by inflating it with a balloon in a procedure called an angioplasty. Frequently, they also insert a metal or polymer stent that will hold the artery open. More extensive blockages might require coronary artery bypass surgery. Using a piece of vein or artery from another part of the body, heart surgeons can reroute blood flow around the blockage. These procedures reestablish circulation to the cardiac muscle, restoring heart function. Heart attack treatment is advancing, but prevention is vital. Genetics and lifestyle factors both affect your risk. And the good news is that you can change your lifestyle. Exercise, a healthy diet, and weight loss all lower the risk of heart attacks, whether you've had one before or not. Doctors recommend exercising a few times a week, doing both aerobic activity and strength training. A heart-healthy diet is low in sugar and saturated fats, which are both linked to heart disease. So what should you eat? Lots of fiber from vegetables, chicken and fish instead of red meat, whole grains and nuts like walnuts and almonds all seem to be beneficial. A good diet and exercise plan can also keep your weight in a healthy range, which will lower your heart attack risk as well. And of course, medications can also help prevent heart attacks. Doctors often prescribe low-dose aspirin, for example, particularly for patients who've already had a heart attack and for those known to be at high risk. And drugs that help manage risk factors, like high blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes, will make heart attacks less likely, too. Heart attacks may be common, but they don't have to be inevitable. A healthy diet, avoiding tobacco use, staying fit, and enjoying plenty of sleep and lots of laughter all go a long way in making sure your body's most important muscle keeps on beating.

Frequently Occurring Word Combinations

ngrams of length 2

collocation	frequency
heart attack	8
heart attacks	5
blood flow	2
heart muscle	2

Important Words

abdomen
absence
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advancing
aerobic
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